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This European Standard covers air conditioners, heat pumps and liquid chilling packages, including comfort and process chillers. It applies to factory made units defined in EN 14511-1, except single duct, double duct, control cabinet and close control units. It also covers direct...
This European Standard covers heat pumps for space heating, heat pump water heaters (HPWH) and heat pumps with combined space heating and domestic hot water production in alternate or simultaneous operation, where the same heat pump delivers...
Preface This guide is the second in a series of planned Energy Efficient Guides for Existing Commercial Buildings (EEG-EB) developed by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) in collaboration with the American Institute of Architects (AIA), the...
This European Standard specifies methods for testing, rating of performance and calculation of water heating energy efficiency of air/water, brine/water, water/water and direct exchange/water heat pump water heaters and heat pump combination heaters with...
This European Standard covers heat pumps for space heating, heat pump water heaters (HPWH) and heat pumps with combined space heating and domestic hot water production in alternate or simultaneous operation, where the same heat pump delivers...
This standard provides test procedures for determining heating capacity, cooling capacity, coefficients of performance (COPs), and energy efficiency ratios (EERs) for systems, as defined in Section 3. This standard applies only to electrically driven, mechanical vapor-compression...
Approximately half of water heaters sold in the U.S. and Canada for residential applications are natural gas fired storage water heaters, and for these products the maximum steady state thermal efficiency of available products is approximately 96%, with transient rated efficiencies...
California's single-family residential building stock is dominated by gas-fired storage water heaters. This is a result of the building energy efficiency code. For decades the water heater energy consumption calculated in the budget compliance tools has made it hard to justify using an...
A 2715 ft2 (252 m2), two story, residential home of the style typical of the Gaithersburg, Maryland area was constructed in 2012 to illustrate technologies employed to produce a net-zero energy (NZE) home (or ZEH). It functions as a laboratory to support the development and adoption of...
This European Standard is part of a series of standards on the method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies. The scope of this specific part is to standardize the: - required inputs; - calculation method; - resulting outputs, for space heating generation by: -...
The definitive reference on the role of steam in the operation of power plants for electric generation and industrial process applications. For more than 80 years, Steam Plant Operation has been an unmatched source of information on steam power plants, including design, operation, and maintenance....
This European Standard covers energy performance calculation of water based distribution systems for space heating, space cooling and domestic hot water. This standard deals with the heat flux from the distributed water to the space and the auxiliary energy of the related pumps. The...
This European Standard is part of a series of standards on the method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies. The scope of this specific part is to standardize the: - required inputs; - calculation method; - resulting outputs, for space heating generation by: -...
This paper summarizes a case study of an innovative ground-source heat pump (GSHP) system that uses flooded mines as a heat source and heat sink. This GSHP system provides space conditioning to an existing 56,000 ft2 (5203m2) research facility, in conjunction with...
Electrically driven heat pumps are devices that may be used to generate heat for domestic hot water (DHW) and space heating. They achieve this by extracting heat from environmental sources such as the air or the ground. The heat is transferred to a refrigerant...
This Standard specifies the standard conditions for capacity and efficiency ratings of non-ducted portable air-cooled air conditioners and air-to-air heat pumps having a single exhaust duct. Such air conditioners and heat pumps may include an evaporatively cooled...
In cold climate zones, e.g. ASHRAE climate regions IV and V, conventional electric air-source heat pumps (ASHP) do not work well, due to high compressor discharge temperatures, large pressure ratios and inadequate heating capacities at low ambient temperatures. Consequently,...
Introduction The Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) report Towards a smart energy system[1] highlighted a number of challenges facing the UK's energy system. It states: 'most trajectories of energy demand and supply to 2050 anticipate significant new system challenges as we incorporate...
This part of EN 12309 specifies the calculation methods of seasonal performances for gas-fired sorption appliances for heating and/or cooling with a net heat input not exceeding 70 kW. It deals in particular with the calculation methods of reference seasonal performances in cooling and...
