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Abstract Zero Net Energy has become a pressing issue in our industry, yet our current approach is not up to the regulatory task. We also need to clarify the definition of zero net energy buildings. There are several definitions of what it means (have differing metrics of site energy, source energy,...
ABSTRACT Application of jet fans in emergency tunnel ventilation, as an economically attractive alternative to traditional fan plants, has become more popular in the US over the past years. Also, recent literature indicates that transportation tunnels are facing increased fire loads. For example...
ABSTRACT Recently there have been major fires in a number of European tunnels that required reevaluation of road tunnel fire loads. This showed that tunnel safety requires applying a fixed fire suppression system in addition to a tunnel ventilation system. This introduces a new challenge when...
ABSTRACT Tunnel ventilation facilities, for road or rail tunnels, face the challenge of the design requirements imposed on them. Among them is the Fire Heat Release Rate (FHRR). Many think that the larger the FHRR, the safer the system, but the fact is that if FHRR is too large, the airflows...
This Standard is a conformance testing Standard optionally applicable to all metal-enclosed low-voltage ac power circuit breaker switchgear assemblies designed, tested, and manufactured in accordance with IEEE Std C37.20.1, Metal-Enclosed Low-Voltage AC Power Circuit Breaker...
This part of IEC 60947 applies to switches, disconnectors, switch-disconnectors
Includes: HV Switchgear and busbars HV Transformers (Inc. voltage and current transformers) Traction Rectifiers DC LV Switchgear and busbars Catastrophic failure can be defined as either a disruptive failure of the equipment or electrical flashover causing damage to the...
This part of IEC 62271 applies to three-pole-operated fused circuit-switchers designed with rated voltages above 1 kV up to and including 52 kV for use on three-phase alternating current systems of either 50 Hz or 60 Hz. They can be designed either as stand-alone devices, or be embedded in a...
This part of IEC 62271 applies to three-pole-operated fused circuit-switchers designed with rated voltages above 1 kV up to and including 52 kV for use on three-phase alternating current systems of either 50 Hz or 60 Hz. They may be designed either as stand-alone devices, or be embedded in some...
This part of IEC 62271 applies to three-pole-operated fused circuit-switchers designed with rated voltages above 1 kV up to and including 52 kV for use on three-phase alternating current systems of either 50 Hz or 60 Hz. They can be designed either as stand-alone devices, or be embedded in a...
This part of IEC 62271 applies to three-pole-operated fused circuit-switchers designed with rated voltages above 1 kV up to and including 52 kV for use on three-phase alternating current systems of either 50 Hz or 60 Hz. They can be designed either as stand-alone devices, or be embedded in a...
Includes: LV switchgear and controls for signalling principal supply points Excludes: Heating, lighting, ventilation and air conditioning circuits, generating plant, uninterruptible power supplies and regulating transformers
