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Part of the ISA/O3neida series, this book discusses network systems in industrial automation and their features related to real-time and functional safety requirements. The basics of standard Ethernet are introduced, specifying the Open System Interconnection (OSI) reference model layers and...
FOREWORD: Each year in the United States several thousand wells are drilled and completed - some productive of oil or gas and some dry - and during this drilling and completion most of these wells are cased, with the casing set in the bore hole surrounded by oil-well cement. This book...
1.1 This practice covers aid for the equipment manufacturer, the installer, the oil supplier and the operator in coordinating their efforts towards obtaining and maintaining clean petroleum fluid hydraulic systems. Of necessity, this practice is generalized due to variations in the type of...
5.1 This practice is intended for use in sampling liquid hydrocarbons including crude oils, condensates, refinery process intermediates, and refined products. Generally these samples are expected to contain mercury from the parts per billion (10-9 mass) to parts per million (10-6 mass) range. 5.2...
1.1 The purpose of this guide is to assist practitioners in the development, selection, design, and implementation of interim, short-term, or early action remedies undertaken at sites of waste contamination for the purpose of managing, controlling, or reducing risk posed by environmental site...
4.1 PFAS are widely used in commercial and industrial applications worldwide (see Fig. 1). PFAS are of concern due to their documented persistence and their studied impacts on human health and the environmental. While there is no comprehensive source of information on the many individual PFAS...
4.1 This practice is designed for use by the oil processor or research laboratory for evaluation by a trained sensory panel, or for use by quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA) personnel for sampling from a tank truck, car, or any other bulk transportation container, or by...
5.1 Appreciable amounts of sediment in a residual fuel oil can cause fouling of facilities for handling, and give problems in burner mechanisms. Sediment can accumulate in storage tanks, on filter screens, or on burner parts, resulting in obstruction of the flow of oil from the...
5.1 Organic chlorides do not occur naturally in crude oil. When present, they result from contamination in some manner, such as disposal of chlorinated solvent used in many dewaxing pipeline or other equipment operations. 5.1.1 Uncontaminated crude oil will contain no detectable...
5.1 Organic chlorides do not occur naturally in crude oil. When present, they result from contamination in some manner, such as disposal of chlorinated solvent used in many dewaxing pipeline or other equipment operations. 5.1.1 Uncontaminated crude oil will contain no detectable...
4.1 PFAS are widely used in commercial and industrial applications worldwide (see Fig. 1). PFAS are of concern due to their documented persistence and their studied impacts on human health and the environmental. While there is no comprehensive source of information on the many individual PFAS...
5.1 This test method is used as an indication of free water and sediment suspended as haze, cloudiness, or droplets in middle distillate fuels such as Grades No. 1 and 2 fuel oil (Specification D396), Grades No. 1-D and 2-D diesel fuel (Specification D975), and Grades No. 0-GT, 1-GT, and...
