scope:

Two key concepts are applied to surveillance modernization. First, NAS surveillance evolves from radar-based operations to an information-based set of operations. In this context, information-based means that NAS operations are based on the quality of surveillance information available, rather than being tied to the characteristics of a specific radar system. Second, surveillance enhancements are only effective when they are implemented in an end-to-end manner. This involves integration of surveillance technologies, information processing, distribution, use by decision support tools, procedures, and display of information.

This document addresses the evolution of surveillance capabilities from the present to approximately 2020. This timeframe is needed to accommodate NAS surveillance systems life cycles as well as the fleet upgrade cycles of the user community.

The focus of this document is an integrated surveillance environment. One of the key elements of the surveillance evolution, Automatic Dependence Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B), is expected to play an increasing role in the NAS as capabilities evolve, and is expected to be a key element in delivering the desired operational improvements identified in the Surveillance Ops Concept. As defined in RTCA DO-242, the Minimum Aviation System Performance Standards for Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) [2]:

ADS-B is a function on an aircraft or a surface vehicle operating within the surface movement area that periodically broadcasts its state vector (horizontal and vertical position, horizontal and vertical velocity) and other information. ADS-B is automatic because no external stimulus is required to elicit a transmission; it is dependent because it relies on on-board navigation sources and on-board broadcast transmission systems to provide surveillance information to other users. The aircraft or vehicle originating the broadcast may or may not have knowledge of which users are receiving its broadcast; any user, either aircraft or ground-based, within range of this broadcast, may choose to receive and process ADS-B surveillance information.

ADS-B has the potential to support improved use of airspace, reduced ceiling/visibility restrictions, improved surface surveillance, and enhanced safety such as conflict management. Initially, ADS-B will be used for cockpit-based operations. As experience is gained, it will also be used for aircraft-to-ground surveillance reporting, and ADS-B data will be integrated into the surveillance information database.