scope:

General

This Standard covers the manufacturing of factory-made cold bends, primarily intended for use in oil or gas pipeline systems.

Size, grade, and category

Size

This Standard covers cold bends from outside diameters (ODs) 21.3 to 1219 mm (NPS 1/2 to NPS 48, see CSA Z245.11 Table A.1).

Grade

For other than sour service, this Standard covers bends from Grade 241 to Grade 690. For sour service, this Standard covers bends from Grade 241 to Grade 483.

Note: The standard grades are 241, 290, 359, 386, 414, 448, 483, 550, 620, and 690 (see Table 3); however, intermediate grades can be used in accordance with Clause 8.2.2.

Category

This Standard covers cold bends in the following categories:

a) Category I: Cold bends without requirements for proven notch toughness properties; and

b) Category II: Cold bends with requirements for proven notch toughness properties.

Terminology

In the Standard, "shall" is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obligated to satisfy in order to comply with the Standard; "should" is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and "may" is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the standard.

Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.

Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.

Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.