scope:

The Technical Report gives guidelines for the laboratory refining of various pulps intended for paper production including:

- unifying terms and parameters for the simulation of industrial refining processes and laboratory refiners;

- treating pulp samples in a (semi) continuous operation in contrast to quasi-stationary laboratory beating equipment such as the PFI mill or Vally Hollander;

- evaluation of chemical market pulps under close-to-reality conditions in terms of refining intensity and refining energy consumption;

- optimizing of fibre furnishes in terms of cost, quality, and energy requirements;

- this Technical Report only considers refiners operating at low consistency.