scope:

a. This publication considers the contribution to the counter air operations of all elements of a force whether they be in the air, on land, or at sea.

b. Counter air operations may involve the employment of both conventional and nuclear weapons, but these weapons are not differentiated in this publication.

c. This publication considers the full spectrum of counter air operations, both defensive and offensive, including the suppression of enemy air defences.

d. In order to allow the widest possible circulation, this publication does not contain classified information.

e. Commanders vested with operational command authority should supplement the provisions contained herein to accommodate specific national or NATO operational capabilities or requirements. Detailed procedures are contained in regional documents.

Aim. The aim of this publication is to provide a reference document covering operational and tactical doctrine for counter air operations. The publication will:

a. Provide guidance for NATO and national commanders and staffs in order to promote the effective employment of NATO forces in counter air operations;

b. Lead to a better understanding of counter air operations within all national armed services and NATO forces;

c. Focus attention on all aspects of counter air operations and thus lead to the identification of unsatisfactory areas and the further development of doctrine and procedures.