scope:

General information with respect to the selection and design of deep foundations is addressed herein. Single and groups of driven piles and drilled shafts under axial and lateral static loads are treated. Some example problems and the most widely accepted computer methods are introduced. This publication is not intended for hydraulic structures; however, it does provide the following:

a. Guidance is provided to assist the efficient planning, design, and quality verification of the deep foundation.

b. Guidance is not specifically provided for design of sheet piles used as retaining walls to resist lateral forces or for the design of stone columns. Other foundation structures may be designed as discussed below:

(1) Shallow foundations will be designed using TM 5-818- 1, "Soils and Geology; Procedures for Foundation Design of Buildings and Other Structures (Except Hydraulic Structures)."

(2) Refer to Foundations (Pile Buck Inc. 1992) and Pile Foundations in Engineering Practice (Prakash and Sharma 1989) for guidance on design of deep foundations subject to dynamic load.

c. Guidance for construction of deep foundations is provided only in minor detail. For construction of deep foundations, the following references are offered:

(1) Some guidance for selection of pile driving equipment and construction of driven piles is provided in TM 5-849-1, "Pile Driving Equipment."

(2) Guidance for construction of drilled shafts is available in FHWA-HI-88-042, "Drilled Shafts: Construction Procedures and Design Methods" and Association of Drilled Shaft Contractors (ADSC) Publication, "Drilled Shaft Inspector's Manual."

Purpose

This publication presents data, principles, and methods for use in planning, design, and construction of deep foundations. Deep foundations are literally braced (supported) column elements transmitting structure loads down to the subgrade supporting medium.

Applicability

These instructions are applicable to all HQUSACE elements and USACE comands