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FOREWORD

This fourth edition of Doc 9365 was produced by ICAO with assistance from the Operations Panel (OPSP) and the All Weather Operations Harmonization Aviation Rulemaking Committee (AWOH ARC). This version of the Manual of All-Weather Operations has been updated to align with Amendments 37B, 32B and 18B to Annex 6 - Operation of Aircraft. This edition incorporates the new approach classification terminology; more in-depth material on head-up displays, enhanced vision systems, synthetic vision systems, and combined vision systems; introduces "operational credits" and the resulting flexible aerodrome operating minima; and includes some miscellaneous updates.

Annex 6 requires the State of the Operator to ensure that the operator establishes aerodrome operating minima for each aerodrome to be used in operations and to approve the method of determination of such minima. Such minima should not be lower than any that may be established for such aerodromes by the State in which the aerodrome is located, except when specifically approved by that State. The Annex does not require the State of the Aerodrome to establish aerodrome operating minima. However, the State of the Operator needs to take responsibility for supervising the operator in the establishment of its operating minima. To assist States in fulfilling that role, the OPSP developed the guidance material contained in this manual related to surface movement, take-off, departure, approach and landing for all-weather operations. In addition, this manual provides guidance to the State of the Aerodrome concerning its obligations for providing the necessary facilities and services required to support a particular operation. The achievement of continuous improvement of operational safety and increased efficiency rests upon the willingness of States to cooperate in the sharing of experiences and the resolution of differences through harmonization.

This manual describes the technical and operational factors associated with methods of supervising the determination of aerodrome operating minima for surface movement, take-off, departure and instrument approaches, including Category I, II and III operations, to the lowest minima. Information for States, air navigation service providers and airspace users on how to implement area navigation (RNAV) and required navigation performance (RNP) applications are in the Performance-based Navigation (PBN) Manual (Doc 9613). The information can be applied by the State of the Operator to its operators conducting international commercial air transport operations. Some of the information in this manual describing systems and system performance is applicable to international general aviation operations and international helicopter operations, where appropriate, according to Annex 6, Part II - International General Aviation - Aeroplanes and Part III - International Operations - Helicopters.

The material in this manual is of a general nature and has been prepared in a form convenient for use as guidance material by civil aviation authorities in the development of their own requirements in their role as State of the Operator and State of the Aerodrome. The intention of ICAO is to write Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) and Procedures in such a manner that they are, as far as practicable, neutral as to the varying operating circumstances as well as the technologies used. These are called performance-based Standards as opposed to prescriptive Standards, which typically are very detailed. In order to assist States, air operators and other service providers to understand how to apply the Standards and resulting regulations and to appreciate the level of safety intended, guidance material is necessary. Such material can be in the form of a manual, like this one, or in the form of attachments to the respective Annexes.

In this manual numerous references are made to ICAO Annexes, Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS), manuals and circulars. Since these documents are frequently amended, one should ensure that the document in question is current. Nothing in this manual should be construed as contradicting or conflicting with the SARPs and Procedures contained in the Annexes and PANS.

This manual includes examples and references to detailed requirements prescribed by some States. A State may find it advantageous to adopt the detailed requirements of another State which has already established comprehensive allweather procedures consistent with the guidance material in this manual.

Comments on this manual are appreciated, particularly with respect to its application and usefulness. These comments will be taken into consideration in the preparation of subsequent editions. Comments concerning the manual should be addressed to:

The Secretary General International Civil Aviation Organization 999 Robert-Bourassa Boulevard Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 5H7