scope:

This Technical Specification provides a workflow for theexecution, validation, verification and documentation of anumerical welding simulation within the field of computationalwelding mechanics (CWM). As such, it primarily addresses thermaland mechanical finite element analysis (FEA) of the fusion welding(see ISO/TR 25901:2007, 2.165) of metal parts and fabrications. CWMis a broad and growing area of engineering analysis. This TechnicalSpecification covers the following aspects and results of CWM,excluding simulation of the process itself: ? heat flow during theanalysis of one or more passes; ? thermal expansion as a result ofthe heat flow; ? thermal stresses; ? development of inelasticstrains; ? effect of temperature on material properties; ?predictions of residual stress distributions; ? predictions ofwelding distortion. This Technical Specification refers to thefollowing physical effects, but these are not covered in depth: ?physics of the heat source (e.g. laser or welding arc); ? physicsof the melt pool (and key hole for power beam welds); ? creationand retention of non-equilibrium solid phases; ? solution andprecipitation of second phase particles; ? effect of microstructureon material properties. The guidance given by this TechnicalSpecification has not been prepared for use in a specific industry.CWM can be beneficial in design and assessment of a wide range ofcomponents. It is anticipated that it will enable industrial bodiesor companies to define required levels of CWM for specificapplications. This Technical Specification is independent of thesoftware and implementation, and therefore is not restricted toFEA, or to any particular industry. It provides a consistentframework for-primary aspects of the commonly adopted methods andgoals of CWM (including validation and verification to allow anobjective judgment of simulation results). Through presentation anddescription of the minimal required aspects of a complete numericalwelding simulation, an introduction to computational weldingmechanics (CWM) is also provided. (Examples are provided toillustrate the application of this Technical Specification, whichcan further aid those interested in developing CWM competency).