scope:

This Technical Report gives guidelines for the laboratory refining of various pulps intended for paper production including: - unifying terms and parameters for the simulation of industrial refining processes and laboratory refiners; - treating pulp samples in a (semi) continuous operation in contrast to quasi-stationary laboratory beating equipment such as the PFI mill or Valley Hollander; - evaluation of chemical market pulps under close-to-reality conditions in terms of refining intensity and refining energy consumption; - optimizing of fibre furnishes in terms of cost, quality, and energy requirements; - this Technical Report only considers refiners operating at low consistency.