scope:

Abstract:

One Voyager Solid State Amplifier (SSA) failed to operate upon application of input power during spacecraft system test. Post-test analysis determined that a relay hangup had occurred following the previous application of power, and the original analysis had not considered decaying stored energy in the relay. Take all operating modes into consideration in circuit design. Design relay circuits so that the circuit can still apply energy to activate relay coils, even if the relay hangs up between contacts.