scope:

The stable isotope ratios of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen can be used to obtain information about the origin of bio-based feedstock and characteristics of production processes of bio-based products. However, no or limited attention for the use of the elements nitrogen and sulphur is given in this document due to the fact that these applications are not yet available. This Technical Report provides an overview of existing applications of isotope ratio analysis of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen that are relevant to the analysis of bio-based feedstocks, products and production processes