scope:

MANUAL PURPOSE, ORGANIZATION, AND USE

This manual is intended to provide guidance to water quality specialists and engineers with theoretical and practical understanding and concepts for using aeration systems to meet current and potentially future regulatory requirements. To assist the reader, this manual has been organized into distinct, separate chapters relating to specific contaminants or groups of contaminants, aeration system design, and operation and maintenance. As a result, a reader does not necessarily need to read the entire manual to gain the knowledge needed to complete their required tasks. These chapters are:

1. Importance of gas transfer operations in water treatment - this chapter.

2. Physical mechanism of gas transfer - this chapter explains the fundamental chemical equations and reactions in the process followed by the major physical features and considerations for various forms of aeration systems, including weir, cascade, and tray aerators, packed towers, staged diffused bubble systems, and blowers.

3. Gas addition - the processes to add gases to water to improve water quality and/or downstream processes are discussed in this chapter, including air/oxygen, gaseous chlorine, ozone, anhydrous ammonia, sulfur dioxide, and carbon dioxide.

4. Gas removal - also known as "air stripping," this chapter describes how the aeration process can be used to remove various dissolved contaminants, including carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, radon, VOCs, and TTHMs.

5. Installation, operation, and maintenance - this manual's final chapter reviews the issues associated with installing, operating, and maintaining an aeration system.