scope:

The scope of this NASA Technical Standard is restricted to human space flight missions and includes activities affecting crew in all phases of the life cycle (design, development, test, operations, maintenance), both inside and outside the spacecraft in space and on lunar and planetary surfaces.

Purpose

This NASA Technical Standard provides uniform technical requirements for the design, selection, and application of hardware, software, processes, procedures, practices, and methods for human-rated systems.

NASA-STD-3001, Space Flight Human-System Standard, is a two-volume set of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Agency-level standards established by the Office of the Chief Health and Medical Officer, directed at minimizing health and performance risks for flight crews in human space flight programs. Volume 1 of NASA-STD-3001, Crew Health, sets standards for fitness for duty, space permissible exposure limits, permissible outcome limits, levels of medical care, medical diagnosis, intervention, treatment and care, and countermeasures. Volume 2 of NASA-STD-3001, Human Factors, Habitability, and Environmental Health, focuses on human physical and cognitive capabilities and limitations and defines standards for spacecraft (including orbiters, habitats, and suits), internal environments, ground processing, facilities, payloads, and related equipment, hardware, and software systems with which the crew interfaces during space operations.

Volume 1 of NASA-STD-3001 considers human physiologic parameters as a system, much as one views the engineering and design of a mechanical device. Doing so allows the human-system to be viewed as an integral part of the overall vehicle design process, as well as the mission reference design, treating the human-system as one system along with the many other systems that work in concert to allow the nominal operation of a vehicle and successful completion of a mission. In Volume 2, the focus turns to human-system integration where the context is about how the human crew interacts with other systems, including the habitat and the environment. The focus is on performance issues during a mission-whether the human and the system can function together (within the environment and habitat) and accomplish the tasks necessary for mission success.

NASA's policy for establishing requirements to protect the health and safety of crew and for providing health and medical programs for crewmembers during all phases of space flight, is authorized by NPD 1000.3, The NASA Organization, and NPD 8900.5, NASA Health and Medical Policy for Human Space Exploration. NPD 8900.1, Medical Operations Responsibilities in Support of Human Space Flight Programs, and NPD 8900.3, Astronaut Medical and Dental Observation Study and Care Program, authorize the specific provision of health and medical programs for crewmembers. NASA's policy is to establish requirements for providing a healthy and safe environment for crewmembers and to provide health and medical programs for crewmembers during all phases of space flight. Standards are established to optimize crew health and performance, contributing to overall mission success, and preventing negative long-term health consequences related to space flight. In this NASA Technical Standard, the Office of the Chief Health and Medical Officer (OCHMO) establishes NASA's space flight crew health requirements for the pre-mission, in-mission, and post-mission phases of human space flight.

All requirements are based on the best available scientific and clinical evidence, as well as operational experience from Apollo, Skylab, Shuttle, Shuttle/Mir (Russian space station), and International Space Station (ISS) missions and Commercial Crew Program (CCP). Requirements are periodically and regularly reviewed, especially as the concept of operations and mission parameters for a program become defined and may be updated as new evidence emerges.

Human-system standards are established to guide and focus the development of the crew health requirements as a means of protecting spacefaring crews. The requirements presented in this NASA Technical Standard are intended to complement the overall set of human standards for space flight, which also includes NASA-STD-3001, Volume 2: Human Factors, Habitability and Environmental Health; OCHMO-STD-100.1A, NASA Astronaut Medical Standards Selection and Annual Recertification; and current medical standards of clinical practice. Combined, these standards provide Agency technical requirements for an appropriate environment for human habitation, certification of human participants, the necessary level of medical care, and riskmitigation strategies against the deleterious effects of space flight. The requirements described in this NASA Technical Standard include health and medical care standards, space permissible exposure limits, fitness-for-duty criteria, and permissible outcome limits as a means of defining successful operating criteria for the human system. These requirements help ensure mission completion, limit morbidity, and reduce the risk of mortality during space flight missions. Medical Operations Requirements Document (MORD) details the medical requirements for the program and is consistent with the overall crew health operations concepts. A MORD is developed for each program. A crew health operations concept is developed and documented for each program.

Applicability

The technical requirements specified in this volume:

a. Apply to all space exploration programs and activities involving crewmembers.

b. Apply to internationally provided space systems as documented in distinct separate agreements such as joint or multilateral agreements.

c. Are to be made applicable to contractors only through contract clauses, specifications, or statements of work in conformance with the NASA Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) supplement and not as direct instructions to contractors.

This NASA Technical Standard is approved for use by NASA Headquarters and NASA Centers and Facilities, and applicable technical requirements may be cited in contract, program, and other Agency documents. It may also apply to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (a Federally Funded Research and Development Center [FFRDC]), other contractors, recipients of grants and cooperative agreements, and parties to other agreements only to the extent specified or referenced in their contracts, grants, or agreements.

This NASA Technical Standard applies to all internationally provided space systems only if required and documented in distinct separate agreements such as joint or multilateral agreements.

The NASA Technical Authorities-Health and Medical Technical Authority (HMTA), Engineering Technical Authority (ETA), and Safety and Mission Assurance Technical Authority (SMATA)-assess NASA programs and projects for compliance with NASA-STD-3001. If the program or project does not meet the provisions of this NASA Technical Standard, then the associated risk to the health, safety, and performance of the crew is evaluated by the Technical Authorities.

Verifiable requirement statements are designated by the acronym "V1" (Volume 1), numbered, and indicated by the word "shall." To facilitate requirements selection by NASA programs and projects, a Requirements Compliance Matrix is provided in Appendix E. Explanatory or guidance text is indicated in italics beginning in section 3.

Tailoring

In accordance with NPR 7120.5, NASA Space Flight Program and Project Management Requirements, tailoring is the process used to adjust or seek relief from a prescribed requirement to accommodate the needs of a specific task or activity (e.g., program or project). The tailoring process results in the generation of deviations and waivers depending on the timing of the request. The tailoring of the requirements from this NASA Technical Standard for application to a specific program or project is acceptable when documented in program or project requirements and formally approved by the NASA Chief Health and Medical Officer or delegated Program Representative.

Authority

NASA policy for establishing standards to provide health, performance, and medical programs for crewmembers during all phases of space flight and to protect the health, performance, and safety of the crew is set forth by NPD 1000.3, The NASA Organization, and NPD 8900.5, NASA Health and Medical Policy for Human Space Exploration.