To provide large shoulders for positioning and retaining machine components under heavy loading conditions on shafts, even if components to be secured have large corner radii or chamfers abutting the rings. They withstand comparatively heavy shock loads and high rotational speeds. They eliminate the need for separate thrust washers. The use of the following formulas are based on the fact that the ring will not fail in compression.

Limitation on use - the following formulas are not to be used for brittle materials such as cast iron, etc.

Warning - Rings shall not be over expanded during installation since this will lead to ring failure. If ring has play between the groove diameter and the inside ring diameter, this indicates that the ring has been over expanded, (providing groove has been machined to recommended dimensions).