6.1 Intended Use-Compliance with this practice provides the procuring organization with assurance that human users will be efficient, effective, and safe in the operation and maintenance of marine systems, equipment, and facilities. Specifically, it is intended to ensure the following:

6.1.1 System performance requirements are achieved reliably by appropriate use and accommodation of the human component of the system.

6.1.2 Usable design of equipment, software, and environment permits the human-equipment/software combination to meet system performance goals.

6.1.3 System features, processes, and procedures do not constitute hazards to humans.

6.1.4 Trade-offs between automated and manual operations results in effective human performance and appropriate cost control.

6.1.5 Manpower, personnel, and training requirements are met.

6.1.6 Selected HSI design standards are applied that are adequate and appropriate technically.

6.1.7 Systems and equipments are designed to facilitate required maintenance.

6.1.8 Procedures for operating and maintaining equipment are efficient, reliable, approved for maritime use, and safe.

6.1.9 Potential error-inducing equipment design features are eliminated, or at least, minimized, and systems are designed to be error-tolerant.

6.1.10 Layouts and arrangements of equipment afford efficient traffic patterns, communications, and use.

6.1.11 Habitability facilities and working spaces meet environmental control and physical environment requirements to provide the level of comfort and quality of life for the crew that is conducive to maintaining optimum personnel performance and endurance.

6.1.12 Hazards to human health are minimized.

6.1.13 Personnel survivability is maximized.

6.2 Scope and Nature of Work-HSI includes, but is not limited to, active participation throughout all phases in the life cycle of a marine system, including requirements definition, design, development, production, operations and decommissioning. HSI, as a systems engineering process, should be integrated fully into the larger engineering process. For the government, the HSI systems engineering process is manifested in both a more formalized, full scale system acquisition, as well as a non-developmental item acquisition. For the commercial industry, the system acquisition process is less formal and more streamlined. Each process is described below.

6.3 Government Formalized, Full Scale Acquisition-The U.S. Government's acquisition process is composed of six steps, as illustrated in Fig. 3. Each phase is briefly summarized below.

6.6 Modernization-One key part of operations and support is modernization. In many cases in both government and commercial marine system development, existing designs are modified, retrofitted, or modernized to meet new mission requirements or to implement new technology. In these cases, design activities are focused on the modifications and their integration with the existing design rather than the complete marine system. These design activities follow a systems engineering process, much like new design.

6.6.1 HSI activities during modernization may include any of those listed in the following sections but scaled to focus on the modifications and their integration with the existing design. HSI activities should focus on determining the impact of the modifications on existing manpower, personnel, and training (MPT) requirements and identifying how MPT considerations may need to be modified for successful integration. HSI activities also focus on ensuring that modifications are integrated into the existing marine system without any negative implications to human performance, safety, occupational health, survivability or habitability.