scope:

This standard shall apply to laboratory buildings, laboratory units, and laboratory work areas whether located above or below grade in which chemicals, as defined in NFPA 704 with one or more of the following hazard ratings are handled or stored: health - 2, 3, or 4; flammability - 2, 3, or 4; or instability - 2, 3, or 4. (See also Section B.2.)

This standard shall apply to all laboratories in health care facilities, educational laboratory units, and instructional laboratory units in which any quantity of chemicals, as defined in NFPA 704 with one or more of the following hazard ratings, is handled or stored: health - 2, 3, or 4; flammability - 2, 3, or 4; or instability - 2, 3, or 4. (See also Section B.2.)

With the exception of 1.1.2, this standard shall not apply to the following:

(1)* Laboratories for which the following conditions apply:

(a) Laboratory units that contain less than or equal to 4 L (1 gal) of ignitible (flammable or combustible) liquid

(b) Laboratory units that contain less than 2.2 standard m³ (75 scf) of flammable gas, not including piped-in low-pressure utility gas installed in accordance with NFPA 54

(2)* Pilot plants

(3) Laboratories that handle only chemicals with a hazard rating of 0 or 1 for all of the following: health, flammability, and instability, as defined by NFPA 704

(4) Laboratories that are primarily manufacturing plants

(5) Incidental testing facilities

(6) Physical, electronic, instrument, laser, or similar laboratories that use chemicals only for incidental purposes, such as cleaning

(7)* Hazards associated with radioactive materials, as covered by NFPA 801

(8) Laboratories that work only with explosive material, as covered by NFPA 495

(9)* A laboratory work area containing an explosion hazard great enough to cause property damage outside that laboratory work area or injury outside that laboratory work area requiring medical treatment beyond first aid

A laboratory work area contains an explosion hazard if an explosion of quantities or concentrations of reactive materials could result in serious or fatal injuries to personnel within that laboratory work area.

Quantities or concentrations that pose an explosion hazard include, but are not limited to, the following:

(1) Storage of more than 0.45 kg (1 lb) of materials with an instability hazard rating of 4 (see Table B.2.5)

(2) Use or formation of more than 0.11 kg (0.25 lb) of materials with an instability hazard rating of 4 (see Table B.2.5)

(3)* Presence of highly exothermic reactions in glass or open reaction vessels involving more than 10 g (0.35 oz) of materials such as polymerizations, oxidations, nitrations, peroxidations, hydrogenations, or organo-metallic reactions

(4) Use or formation in glass or open reaction vessels involving more than 10 g (0.35 oz) of materials whose chemical structures indicate a potential hazard, but whose properties have not been established, such as salts of alkenes, triple bonds, epoxy radicals, nitro and nitroso compounds, and peroxides

(5) Other explosion hazards as determined by a qualified person

In such cases where a laboratory work area contains an explosion hazard, NFPA 45, supplemented by appropriate shielding, handling, and similar protective measures, does apply.

A laboratory work area contains an explosion hazard if an explosion of quantities or concentrations of flammable gases or vapors or other explosion hazards as determined by a qualified person could result in serious or fatal injuries to personnel within that laboratory work area - in which case, NFPA 45 shall apply.

This standard contains requirements, but not all-inclusive requirements, for handling and storage of chemicals where laboratory-scale operations are conducted and shall not cover the following:

(1) The special fire protection required when handling explosive materials (See NFPA 495.)

(2) The special fire protection required when handling radio-active materials

NOTICE: An asterisk (*) following the number or letter designating a paragraph indicates that explanatory material on the paragraph can be found in Annex A.

A reference in brackets [ ] following a section or paragraph indicates material that has been extracted from another NFPA document. Extracted text may be edited for consistency and style and may include the revision of internal paragraph references and other references as appropriate. Requests for interpretations or revisions of extracted text shall be sent to the technical committee responsible for the source document.

Information on referenced and extracted publications can be found in Chapter 2 and Annex G.