This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provides background information, technical data and related technical references for minimization of electrostatic hazards in aircraft fuel systems.

Techniques used to minimize the electrostatic hazard include:

a

Reducing fueling rate into tank bays including use of multiple refueling inlet nozzles.

b

Reducing refuel plumbing flow velocities.

c

Introducing fuel into the tank at a low velocity near the bottom and directing it to impinge upon a grounded conducting surface.

d

Avoiding electrically isolated conductors in the fuel tank.

e

Using conductivity additives in the fuel.