scope:

This paper describes the methods of analysis of bolted flanged connections of pressure vessels and piping, as they are used in various industrialized countries. Discussed are early methods (Bach, Timoshenko, Waters-Taylor, etc.), methods using an elastic analysis (ASME Code), elasto-plastic methods (Lake & Boyd, Schwaigerer) and some simplified methods. Flat face flanges with metal-to-metal contact outside the bolt circle, in matched and dissimilar pairs (ASME Code Case No. 1828), as well as gasketed joints, with gaskets extending outside the bolt-circle (so-called "full face" gasketed joints) are included. Information on gasket and bolting literature and computer methods is given. An extensive list of references is attached, listed in chronological order such that the work of researchers appears in the correct time frame. All entries were evaluated as to their contents and importance, and short comments are given which should enable the reader to quickly survey the wealth of information available and select only the papers deemed important. In addition to English language publications, the review includes important publications written in French, German, Dutch and Russian.