scope:

This Recommendation¹ describes a computational model, known as the E-model, that has proven useful as a transmission planning tool for assessing the combined effects of variations in several transmission parameters that affect conversational² quality of 3.1 kHz handset telephony. This computational model can be used, for example, by transmission planners to help ensure that users will be satisfied with end-to-end transmission performance whilst avoiding over-engineering of networks. It must be emphasized that the primary output from the model is the "rating factor" R but this can be transformed to give estimates of customer opinion. Such estimates are only made for transmission planning purposes and not for actual customer opinion prediction (for which there is no agreed-upon model recommended by the ITU-T).

The E-model can be used with confidence for many combinations of high importance to transmission planners, but for some parameter combinations of high importance, E-model predictions have been questioned and are currently under study. Annex A provides further information in this regard.

¹ The online version of this Recommendation includes an electronic attachment containing a reference implementation of the E-Model in PHP4 scripting language. This electronic attachment is available free of charge on the ITU publications website at http://www.itu.int/rec/T-RECG. 107.

² Conversational quality in this context refers to transmission characteristics, e.g., long transmission times, effects of talker echoes, etc. However, the E-model, as described in this Recommendation, is not intended to model transmission impairments during double talk situations.