scope:

Foreword

This manual assists decision makers planning fluoridation installations, engineers designing them, and water utility personnel operating them. The manual presents guidelines and is not intended to take the place of expert advice. Anyone planning or using fluoridation should carefully consider fluoride research, regulations, and methods.

The first edition of AWWA Manual M4 was prepared from material supplied and previously published by the US Environmental Protection Agency. This fifth edition updates the following major areas:

• Health effects

• State and federal regulations

• Defluoridation treatment