scope:

1.1 This guide (1) describes procedures for obtaining laboratory data concerning the short-term adverse effects of potentially contaminated sediment, or of a test material experimentally added to contaminated or uncontaminated sediment, on marine or estuarine infaunal amphipods during static 10-day exposures. These procedures are useful for testing the effects of various geochemical characteristics of sediments on marine and estuarine amphipods, and could be used to assess sediment toxicity to other infaunal taxa, although modifications of the procedures appropriate to the test species might be necessary. Procedures for 10-day static sediment toxicity tests are described for the following species: Rhepoxynius abronius , Eohaustorius estuarius , Ampelisca abdita, Grandidierella japonica , and Leptocheirus plumulosus .

1.2 Modifications of these procedures might be appropriate for other sediment toxicity test procedures such as flow-through or partial life-cycle tests. Methods outlined in this guide should also be useful for conducting sediment toxicity tests with other aquatic taxa, although modifications might be necessary. Other test organisms might include other species of amphipods, other crustaceans, polychaetes, and bivalves.

1.3 Other modifications of these procedures might be justified by special needs or circumstances. Although using appropriate procedures is more important than following prescribed procedures, results of tests conducted using unusual procedures are not likely to be comparable to results of many other tests. Comparisons of results obtained using modified and unmodified versions of these procedures might provide useful information concerning new concepts and procedures for conducting sediment tests with infaunal organisms.

1.4 These procedures are applicable to sediments containing most chemicals, either individually or in formulations, commercial products, and known or unknown mixtures. With appropriate modifications these procedures can be used to conduct sediment toxicity tests on factors such as temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and natural sediment characteristics (for example, particle size distribution, organic carbon content, total solids). These methods can also be used to conduct bioconcentration tests and in situ tests, and to assess the toxicity of potentially contaminated field sediments, or of such materials as sewage sludge, oils, particulate matter, and solutions of toxicants added to sediments. A median lethal concentration (LC50) or median sublethal effect concentration (EC50) of toxicants or of highly contaminated sediment mixed into uncontaminated sediment can be determined. Materials either adhering to sediment particles or dissolved in interstitial water can be tested.

1.5 Results of short-term toxicity tests with test materials experimentally added to sediments may be reported in terms of an LC50, and sometimes an EC50 where "concentration" refers to dry or wet weight concentration in sediment. Results of a field survey with single samples to determine a spatial or temporal distribution of sediment toxicity may be reported in terms of percent mortality (see Section 16). Field surveys can be designed to provide either a qualitative reconnaissance of the distribution of sediment toxicity or a quantitative statistical comparison of toxicity among stations.

1.6 This guide is arranged as follows:

Section Referenced Documents 2 Terminology 3 Summary of Guide 4 Significance and Use 5 Interferences 6 Hazards 7 Apparatus 8 Facilities 8.1 Construction Materials 8.2 Test Chambers 8.3 Cleaning 8.4 Acceptability 8.5 Toxicity Test Water 9 General Requirements 9.1 Source 9.2 Preparation 9.3 Characterization 9.4 Test and Control Sediments 10 General 10.1 Characterization 10.2 Control Sediment 10.3 Field-Collected Test Sediment 10.4 Reference Sediment 10.5 Laboratory Spiked Test Sediment 10.6 Test Concentration(s) 10.7 Addition of Test Material to Sediment 10.8 Test Organisms 11 Species 11.1 Age 11.2 Source 11.3 Collection and Handling 11.4 Quality 11.5 Experimental Design 12 Controls 12.2 Field Survey Design 12.3 Laboratory Experiments 12.4 Procedure 13 Dissolved Oxygen 13.1 Temperature 13.2 Salinity 13.3 Light 13.4 Feeding 13.5 Beginning the Test 13.6 Duration of Test 13.7 Biological Data 13.8 Other Measurements 13.9 Analytical Methodology 14 Acceptability of Test 15 Interpretation of Results 16 Report 17 Keywords 18 Annexes A1. Rhepaxynius abronius A2. Eohaustorius estuarius A3. Ampelisca abdita A4. Grandidierella japonica A5. Leptocheirus plumulosus

1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.

1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. While some safety considerations are presented in this guide, it is beyond the scope of this guide to encompass all safety requirements necessary to conduct sediment toxicity tests. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.