scope:

1.1 Scope and Purpose

This standard covers the design, construction, operation, inspection, and maintenance of petroleum terminal and tank facilities associated with marketing, refining, pipeline, and other similar activities as stipulated in 1.1.1 through 1.1.7. This standard covers the issues of site selection and spacing, pollution prevention and waste management, safe operation, fire prevention and protection, tanks, dikes and berms, mechanical systems, product transfer, corrosion protection, structures, utilities and yard, and removals and decommissioning.

The purpose of this standard is to aggregate a wide base of current industry experience, knowledge, information, and management practices into a cohesive standard comprising a range of best practices.

Information is presented in this standard in the form of recommendations (designated by the use of the word should) and in the form of mandates (designated by the use of the word shall) (refer to 1.4.13 and 1.4.14). This standard incorporates by reference a number of other standards and recommended practices. The distinctions between mandatory, recommended, and optional provisions in the referenced documents are not changed by the nature of their reference in this standard.

The values stated for this standard are in U.S. customary units with the International System of units (SI) provided in parentheses.

The petroleum industry is engaged in the manufacture, storage, transportation, blending, and distribution of crude oil and refined products. Individual terminal facilities and plants may perform one or more of these functions. These facilities represent diverse operations ranging from small distribution facilities (for example, bulk plants), to large storage and distribution terminals (for example, wholesale plants), and up to large integrated facilities (for example, refining, grease production, and oil blending). The specific application of this standard within those various types of operations is itemized in 1.1.1 through 1.1.7.

1.1.1 PETROLEUM TERMINALS

Petroleum terminals consist of tank farms, loading and unloading areas, pipeline manifolds, storage areas, warehouses, docks, garages, laboratories, and office buildings. Products may be received and distributed by pipeline, marine transport, rail, or truck. Bulk quantities of refined products are stored in aboveground tanks for distribution in smaller quantities to industrial customers, to commercial consumers, and to retail and wholesale marketing facilities. Petroleum terminals may also store and distribute petroleum products in package and container quantities.

1.1.2 PIPELINE TANKAGE FACILITIES

Pipeline tankage facilities consist of tanks and tank farms used to do the following: (a) provide surge relief from pipeline operations, and (b) receive petroleum (crude oil and refined products) from pipelines, trucks, railcars, or marine vessels for transport by pipeline to other facilities, such as petroleum terminals, refineries, other pipeline tankage, and marine facilities (see 49 CFR 195).

1.1.3 REFINERY FACILITIES

Loading and unloading areas, docks, and some refinery tankage facilities are included in this standard. Refinery tankage covered by this standard excludes those above-ground tanks or groups of tanks as defined in 1.4.10 (for example, process tanks).

Examples of applicable covered refinery tankage include tanks that are used to accomplish the following:

a. Receive incoming crude oil.

b. Store intermediate products or components outside of the refinery process units.

c. Store finished products for shipment by truck, marine transport, rail, or pipeline.

Examples of refinery tankage and other equipment specifically excluded are as follows:

a. Those that are integral to refinery process equipment.

b. Refinery tanks and other equipment located within the battery limits of process units.

c. Process equipment located outside the process unit battery limits.

d. Tanks that contain materials, such as additives, used in refinery processes or utility systems.

1.1.4 BULK PLANTS

Although bulk plants typically handle smaller quantities of product, operations and facilities at these plants are similar to those at petroleum terminals. Bulk plants typically receive and distribute product by truck, although some are serviced by rail, marine transport, or pipeline. Bulk plants may also store an inventory of petroleum products in container quantities.

1.1.5 LUBE BLENDING AND PACKAGING FACILITIES

Lube oil blending and packaging facilities blend refined base stock products with additives and then package the finished products in drums, pails, portable tanks, or consumer-size containers or ship to consumers in bulk. The additives and lube base stocks may be received and stored either in bulk or in containers. Lube blending and packaging facilities typically include warehouses, blending and packaging areas, quality control lab, base stock and additive storage area, shipping and receiving areas, and office buildings.

1.1.6 ASPHALT PLANTS

Asphalt plants receive asphalt from petroleum refineries and blend it with additives to produce paving, roofing, and industrial grade asphalt products. Asphalt facilities typically consist of a laboratory for quality control, a rail siding or ship dock, an aboveground tank farm, a warehouse, one or more unloading areas for raw materials and products, a manufacturing area, a package heating system, a truck scale, a loading rack, and an office.

1.1.7 AVIATION SERVICE FACILITIES

Aviation service facilities store light petroleum fuels in aboveground or underground storage tanks. Services provided may include the following: refueling, defueling, de-icing, washing, maintenance, and repair of aircraft. Aircraft fuel may be loaded into refueling trucks that service the aircraft, or dispensed directly into aircraft from a fixed dispenser system or hydrant system cart.