The JP-4 and JP-5 fuels covered by this specification are intended for use in aircraft turbine engines. These fuels require military unique additives that are necessary in military weapon systems. This requirement is unique to military aircraft, engine designs, and missions. Additionally, JP-5 is a military unique fuel because it must have a flash point substantially higher than commercial aviation turbine fuels. It is stored in large quantities on aircraft carriers and other vessels. The flash point is for safety in these military unique applications. The JP-5/2-8 ST (special test) fuel is a worst-case kerosene-type aviation turbine fuel in terms of fuel effects on engine starting, altitude relight, combustor durability, and exhaust smoke emissions. This fuel is intended for use in the development, testing, and qualification of engine components, engines, and aircraft. When authorized, the JP 5/JP-8 ST fuel may also be used for qualification testing of ground-based turbine engines.