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Introduction The construction industry is the largest single economic activity in Europe. It is estimated to account for 45% of Europe's energy consumption[1]. Construction products and associated services contribute 450 bn turnover per year (estimated). The materials they use, their manufacture...
5.1 These test methods are intended to provide a basis for evaluating the time period during which a beam, girder, column, or similar structural assembly, or a nonbearing wall, will continue to perform its intended function when subjected to a controlled, standardized fire exposure. 5.1.1 In...
This European Standard applies to precast concrete structural elements produced in a factory and used in bridge construction, such as deck elements. Normal weight concrete elements are considered, both reinforced and prestressed; their use can be on road bridges, railway bridges and...
5.1 These test methods are intended to provide a basis for evaluating the time period during which a beam, girder, column, or similar structural assembly, or a nonbearing wall, will continue to perform its intended function when subjected to a controlled, standardized fire exposure. 5.1.1 In...
This standard describes acceptable methods for determining the fire resistance of concrete and masonry building assemblies and structural elements, including walls, floor and roof slabs, beams, columns, lintels, and masonry fire protection for structural steel columns. These methods shall be...
This Specification defines the basic requirements for the fabrication of the primary structures of offshore installations. These will normally include but not be limited to the following: • Jacket structure including nodes, cones, braces, legs and conductor framing; • Piles and followers; • J-tubes...
3.1 The strength and modulus of rigidity of structural panels in shear through-the-thicknes
5.1 As with any accelerated test, the increase in rate of weathering compared to in service exposure is material dependent. Therefore, no single acceleration factor can be used to relate two different types of outdoor weathering exposures. The weather resistance rankings of coatings provided by...
This ARP describes methods for measuring the visual performance of direct view cathode ray tube displays used in aircraft flight decks and cockpits. Procedures may vary depending upon the type of display (for example, monochrome, color shadowmask, beam index, etc.), but all types are...
5.1 These test methods are intended to provide a basis for evaluating the time period during which a beam, girder, column, or similar structural assembly, or a nonbearing wall, will continue to perform its intended function when subjected to a controlled, standardized fire exposure. 5.1.1 In...
1.1 This specification covers a type of plastic lumber product, defined as polyethylene-based structural-grade plastic lumber (SGPL), for use as main framing members, including joists, stringers, beams, columns; and secondary framing members, including planking, posts and bracing; in outdoor...
ESDU 93013 provides data for the rate of change with wind direction of the force components in the directions of the principal axes of the structure. The values are an essential input to the calculation methods of ESDU 89049 and 91010 for calculating the response of structures to buffeting by...
1.1 This specification covers a type of plastic lumber product, defined as polyethylene-based structural-grade plastic lumber (SGPL), for use as main framing members, including joists, stringers, beams, columns; and secondary framing members, including planking, posts and bracing; in outdoor...
Curved glulam beams and a plywood roof deck top this ice arena
Ownership and management This standard is applicable to the Design of temporary and permanent Bridges and Bridge-like structures. Types of structure This standard is applicable to the structural Design of Bridges and to Bridge-like structures such as; • Culverts, • subways, • structures that...
1.1 The test methods described in this fire-test-response standard are used for determining the fire-test response of columns, girders, beams or similar structural members, and fire-containment walls, of either homogeneous or composite construction, that are employed in HPI or other...
This ARP describes methods for measuring the visual performance of direct view cathode ray tube displays used in aircraft flight decks and cockpits. Procedures may vary depending upon the type of display (for example, monochrome, color shadowmask, beam index, etc.), but all types are...
INTRODUCTION Traditional fire design procedures consider structural behaviour in terms of the performance of the element rather than the system. This is a consequence of relying on standard tests on isolated structural elements. Little consideration has been given to member interaction or to the...
